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Showing posts with label Genealogy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Genealogy. Show all posts

Friday, January 1, 2016

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Brick Wall Buster Series: Anderson County, TN Genealogy Gems

Anderson-county-courthouse-tn1
By Brian Stansberry (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons


This is the first in a series of posts on the local genealogy gems that may help you burst through that brick wall you are trying to get through.  We will focus on Anderson County, Tennessee for starters, and we will work through every county before we move to our next state.  If you have a state that you want to see us provide resources for next, leave your suggestion in the comment box below.

Some of the places included below have ery extensive websites, and it may be to your advantage to take the time to crawl through each site. Compare the records you find against the online collections that you have been searching to determine if the offline collection is includes addtional records.  

Anderson County Archives

One of the most valuable discoveries for Anderson County, TN is the fact that they have a County Historian who serves as a Certified Genealogist for Anderson County in the County Archives. 

Mary Sue Harris, County Historian
100 N Main St Room 307 | Clinton, TN 37716-3618
865-457-6242 | E-mail:  s080332@aol.com
Office Hours: Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

"The Anderson County Archives provides information on the origins and history of Anderson County, Tennessee. The Archives provide public access to all holdings with the exception of the juvenile records. It provides local government sources material to court officials, genealogists, the legal profession, historians and the general public. The Archives contain documents such as Marriage Bonds, Divorce Records, Indexes and Warranty Deeds, Probate Records, Wills, Estates, Court Records, Chancery Court Records, Circuit Court Records, and Tax Records in addition to many more records and information."  

Clinton Public Library

The Clinton Public Library has a wealth of historical and genealogical print materials.  They also have a great collection of microfilm:
  • probate
  • register of deeds
  • chancery court
  • circuit court
  • county court
  • land grant index
  • tax lists
  • vital records


The following newspapers are on microfilm at the library:

Clinton Gazette
Anderson County News
Clinton Courier News
Clinton Appalachian Observer

See this complete list of newspapers for Anderson County complements of Chonicling America.  The library has a volunteer researcher who can be contacted by e-mail: minnow1129@aol.com.  Be sure to search the library catalog to get a feel for print resources documenting Anderson County history and genealogy.



More resources

Inventory of Anderson County Records on Microfilm (Tennessee State Library and Archives)
FamilySearch Catalog: Tennessee, Anderson

Our next Brick Wall Buster will hughlight Bedford County Tennessee.

Tuesday, December 15, 2015

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Genealogy in Books: Pioneers and Makers of Arkansas


How to use this book to learn more about genealogy in Arkansas:

1.  Read the contents to get a feel for the time frame and topics covered.

2.  Read through the chapters that may help you learn more about people, surnames or the history of the area in Arkansas where your ancestors lived.

3.  Make a list of events described that happened during the lifetime of your ancestor.  Research these events.

4. Map out the waterways, roads or buildings mentioned.

5.  Get a feel for the customs of the area.

6. Learn the formation of the territory or boundary changes that effected your ancestor.

7. Study the families that lived in the area at the same time as your ancestor.

8.  Research record types that would have been generated as boundaries changed or events occurred.

9.  What were some of the challenges local residents faced?  How did they overcome those challenges?

10. Search the index for familiar surnames.

Pioneers and Makers of Arkansas by Josiah H. Shinn

Wednesday, March 26, 2014

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Get your free e-book! 'Family History: A New Start'



Are you looking for the most efficient way to gather, record, and share your family history? Advances in computer and internet technologies have made it possible for us to
accomplish a lot in a short amount of time.

You do not need to collect huge amounts paper or spend chunks of time staying organized anymore if you use the new way to start outlined in this e-book. Some basic direction included for beginners or seasoned family historians will help you:




  • Manage the time you spend on family history work. 
  • Learn how to find resources to identify missing information. 
  • Make your family history available instantly for all your relatives. 
  • Make sure you are not overlooking helpful information right within your reach.

Send your request for 'Family History:  A New Start' to robin.savingstories@gmail.com.  Be sure to subscribe to this blog above so that you do not miss these helpful resources.

I would love your feedback. Please come back and post your comment below.


Thursday, December 12, 2013

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Piecing Together the Past with Delayed Birth Certificates



In one sitting today, I was able to clear up several research challenges that I have struggled with for several years.  I had a few minutes after helping a patron during my shift at the Greenwood County Library, Lawrence Room, so I searched the Ancestry.com collection, South Carolina Delayed Births, 1766-1900 and City of Charleston, South Carolina Births, 1877-1901 to glean what I could to help me resolve the following challenges:

1.  I have been unable to locate some of the children of my 2nd great grandparents, Andrew Johnson and Jane Smith Johnson of Abbeville County, South Carolina.  I supposed they had moved away since they never turned up on any censuses that I searched after 1900.  One of the children I have searched for was Robert Johnson.

2.  The couple, Lewis Johnson and Arianna Vance Johnson, are both related to me.  Being my great uncle and great aunt, their parents were my 2nd great grandparents, Andrew and Jane (above) and Beverley Vance and Matilda Dunlap Vance.  In order for me to be learn more about my ancestors, I must research their children.  The problem is that most were born between 1880 and 1900 leaving no available census to access.  

3.  Julius L. Talley of Union County, South Carolina was the son of my 2nd great grandmother, Martha Talley.  He was married to  Frances Elizabeth Chick, and they moved away sometime after the 1920 or 1930 US Census was taken.  Consequently, I could not find a record of death for Frances or Julius.

Delayed birth records helped to resolve these challenges for me. Over the next couple of posts I will proceed to explain how.

Robert E. Johnson

You can imagine how difficult it must be to locate someone with such a common name as Robert Johnson. I had pretty much lost all hope of doing so because I did not have any idea where he settled down.  I never found him on the census along with other family members living in South Carolina in either Abbeville or Greenwood County. This also made finding a death certificate impossible as well.

Since I knew he was born before 1900, I hoped I would find a delayed birth record for him.  I decided not even to attempt to search for him using his name.  I only used the first and last names of his parents and the locality, South Carolina.



Delayed Birth Certificate of Robert E. Johnson1

I never expected to find him documented in Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan.  That seems like a far trek away from family for a man born in the South in 1879.  The birth certificate gives his exact birth, August, 19, 1879.  It says that his parents, Andrew and Jane were born in Lawrence County (actually Laurens County).  Since they would have been born in the 1820's or 1830's, this is a helpful clue in researching their origins.

I discovered Robert must have kept the family bible from South Carolina.  He still had it when he applied for a delayed birth certificate from South Carolina. The Warren County Michigan Deputy County Clerk says he personally examined it and that it looked like an original record.

Perhaps this record is still attached to the original certificate held locally in Columbia, or perhaps there is a copy in Warren County.  I can hardly wait  to see if it gives information about the births of any of his other siblings.  Robert was up in age. Maybe he needed this certificate to apply for Social Security.  

Now, since I know the whereabouts of Robert from this record taken in 1941, I can search for this family on the 1940 Census.  Who knows what I will discover from there.

In the next post, I will share what I learned from a search on parents, Lewis Johnson and Arianna Vance Johnson. Put your e-mail in the box above (top left) to connect so that you can be among the first to receive my next article. 
_________________________________________________________________________________
1.        "South Carolina Delayed Births, 1766-1900 and City of Charleston, South Carolina Births, 1877-1901," images, Ancestry.com  [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007. Original data: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. (https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=SCbirths&h=2443 : accessed 11 Dec 2013).

    See also:

Sunday, June 9, 2013

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My legacy: Woman, person of color, Mormon

Southeast Park. Columbia, South Carolina. Taken by Robin Foster 2013.
A Mormon woman of color will live to be the legacy that I will pass on to future generations.  They say, "Oil and water do not mix," and this is some combination too in the world's eyes today, isn't it?  From my youth, I have always had a strong personal sense of who I was as a female, a person born among a people of a darker color, and as a child of a Heavenly Father.  I worked to emulate the better examples of people who fit into these categories because I respected them, and they lived lives of great service and happiness.

I am fortunate that in my quest I am transitioning because of age and experience into a role model for those searching to better themselves as I have always searched and will continue to search.  I was always encouraged by my parents to seek to live the highest standards.  How humbled I am that they eventually turned to follow in my footsteps by embracing my faith.  There was no greater gift I could offer them in return for what they gave to me, and now these roles have helped me to find self-esteem and personal satisfaction:

Woman

Otis E. Vance
The examples of my grandmother, Otis E. Vance, and my mother served best early on to help me identify my role as a woman.  My grandmother was present at the birth of each of her grandchildren.  She helped my mother for weeks until she had recovered and was on her feet.

A woman of great faith, she was soft spoken, but boldly interjected her opinion when needed.  She opened her home to me when my parents needed a babysitter.  She was a wonderful cook, and she answered all my questions about her family history.  She always granted my wishes to have her sing and play hymns on her piano.  In advanced years after the loss of her husband, she kept busy with church service and caring for the sick and shut-in in her community.

Edna Foster
My mother instilled the importance of balancing education, work, and homemaking.  She received a Master's Degree in Elementary Education while I was very young.  She took my sister and I along with her to classes, and they used us in class instruction.  At home, she would have me ask her the definitions to words, and I remember her explaining terms like "reverse psychology" in a way that even a child could understand.

I know the power and influence gained by magnifying my role as a woman.  This could be a very controversial idea in the world as we know it today, but it has served my family for generations.

Person of color
Robin Foster




Fortunately, I was not raised hearing opinions about people of different colors or the epitaphs used to describe people of different colors.  Because my views were not clouded, my love for all people was never colored.  I love all people.

I am not afraid or uncomfortable around people of different colors. I have learned as a practice that  it is best not to use descriptions of people as black or white.  Black is the color of a paved road, and white is the color of clouds against the sun.  You will never see people with those skin tones.  So, why refer to them using either color?

Colors used to describe people cause divisions.  When I started private school, I was made aware of this from the names used by others in reference to me.  My father warned me, "If you start crying now, you will be crying for the rest of your life."  His perspective came from living in this world as a person of a very dark color.   Where would the world be if we never began to categorize people by color?

To guard myself against feeling the effects of the bad connotations that people have about people of a darker color, I began my lifelong study of African American history and African American achievers in the fourth grade.  My first biographies read were on the lives of Booker T. Washington and Frederick Douglass who overcame great opposition during days far more difficult than I have faced.  I knew that there was nothing that could hold me back either.

Adrianne


When we had our own child, we taught her of all the possibilities open to her in this world.  She was taught not to let anyone discourage her because of her color.  At the same time, we made sure she mingled with people of every color.  People of all colors have a great love for her, and she is able to work and communicate effectively with people of all colors without regarding what color they may be.








Mormon

Everyone wants to go through life being accepted and having friends.  Friendship was always important to me.  If the way I have perceived my roles as a woman and as a person of color has not limited friendships in this world, the principles I have embraced as a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints most certainly curbs the closeness that could exist between me and many people I know.

I have discovered, however, that it is the things that seem to separate me from those whom I have a desire to have closer friendships with that make me the happiest. It is far better to have fewer and truer friends, and I have found exquisite joy in who I am and in what I believe.

Ellis McClure






Even though I meet some rejection by people of my own color when they discover I am a Mormon, I am blessed during the times I spend alone because those are the times I can feel my Savior the closest.  Those are the times I can commune with Him through nature or in holy places.  Those are the times I can feel the most inspiration in my life.  In addition, those who have accepted and befriended me as a Mormon woman of color I treasure and love as pure gold.  Number one on my list would be my dear husband, my best friend, a male, Mormon man of color.  How I rejoice to know that I will spend the eternities with him!

Thursday, March 7, 2013

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Presentation: How Do I Start My Family History

It is so important to start out with a clear idea of what you already know about your family and what you want to learn.  Two simple resources can save you a lot of time and keep you on track in your research:

The Family Tree Worksheet

The Family Group Sheet



These are only two of the resources that are explained in the presentation, How Do  Start My Family History.  Most people that I provide assistance for have never filled out either of these two helps.  They are already searching for ancestors online without concrete details such as event dates and places.  Researching that way almost certainly lead you to a brick wall or to adopting people into your family that are really not related.  Beginning with a clear picture also makes it easier for those whom you turn to for direction.

Below is a brief selection from the genealogy presentation, "How Do I Start My Family History." The Family Tree Chart and the Family Group Sheet are helpful to keep them with you when you research at libraries and archives because they provide a snapshot of important details that can help you locate historical records.  To find out how to schedule a presentation visit Ask Me to Present.  See My Entire Social Presence.


Monday, November 19, 2012

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Motivation Monday: Women are taking social networking to new heights

We certainly love pinning our favorite recipes and home decorating photos, but do not be deceived, we are about much more than just pinning "eye-candy."  We are meeting new friends, learning from each other, and sharing the things we know.  For example, Cheryl Enlow, host of the blog "Nap Time is the New Happy Hour," shared her knowledge about how to save the pins on your Pinterest boards so you can always access them - just in case.  It motivated me to begin embedding pins in blog posts which I have been meaning to do.



I do not know how much pinning it took for her pin to show up in my newsfeed, but I am glad it caught the attention of my genfriend.  Thanks, Jenni!  After reading Cheryl's post, "How to Save a Copy of Your Pinterest Boards as a PDF,"  I was able to save the pins from my board,  "Free Genealogy Online"  in just seconds.

This gave me the idea of using Photoshop Elements to convert the 5-page PDF to 5 JPEGS so that I can show those of you who are trying to decide to take the leap over to Pinterest.  I had the option of making the JPEGS a higher resolution, but I opted for 72 dpi. I am not just into genealogy.  This week I created secret boards where I can share freebies with friends who consistently share the things I pin.

I just want to say, Thank you to Cheryl!"  It has been a while, but I do remember nap time, and how much I looked forward to what I could get accomplished in an hour.  It's the best executive training out there! What you do now will bring you the greatest joy for which there is no substitute. I hope that what you do now prepares you one day as much as it did me for success after homework, story time, and bandaging "boo boos!"

To all my friends, below is what my genealogy board looks like today on Pinterest.  Come follow me!





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Friday, October 26, 2012

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Ancestor's Timeline saves time, aggravation

The effort you spend recording what you know on the timeline will provide much direction to you in your research, and you will save aggravation and time that will not be wasted searching for resources in the wrong places.

Learn more about the Ancestor's Timeline here.

Wednesday, April 4, 2012

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Best to search 1940 census at night says Archives.com infographic

After reviewing this infographic shared by Archives.com, I know the evening hours are best for diving into the 1940 US Census. Website hits during peak hours have doubled (http://1940census.archives.gov), and I can only imagine that will increase, but have genealogists  ever had to measure anything in terabytes before? Oh my, take a look:

1940 census archives.com
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Monday, April 2, 2012

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1940 US Census: We have waited 72 years!

Well, it has not been quite that long, but it sure feels like it (I'm not that old)!  I cannot wait to dive in.  I will help index, but I am so anxious to see what the family groups look like that I have already researched in previous census years. I have so many questions:

Will I discover other family members that I could not locate in 1940?

How will it feel to see my parents for the first time on the census?

Will I find new members of the family group that I had not identified before?

I have to admit that I have been spoiled by being able to search census collections online.  I will definitely index, but I will try my hand searching enumeration districts as soon as they are available for the states I need.  I am really anxious to locate my family on my father's side who migrated between Arkansas and Tennessee. They have been particularly hard to pin down.

I have also been inspired to pay closer attention to the history and events of the 1940's.  I breezed right past all that in my haste to reach the 1870's.  This probably would explain the challenges I have faced.  Perhaps a closer look this time will help me identify more resources.

Last night, I was so excited I created a chart to record the family groups as I identify them in 1940.  I am sure I will find some of those more elusive family members who I could not track before now. Then I can follow the trail back every ten years.  I will put the name of each family member in birth order with each of their ages beneath the census year that I find them.

Census Tracker:

 


Sunday, March 18, 2012

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Do Not Deny DNA, Genealogy, or Moral Obligation

When I first began researching, I felt completely in the dark about my ancestors.  Neither did I have a clear knowledge of the type of people they were.  I felt a total disconnect because my grandparents on both sides had passed away.


I was concerned that my posterity would not have the knowledge of who these people were either so I took it upon myself to discover as much as I could in order to leave a record for generations to come.  At the time I began, there was not much hope offered to African Americans doing research. The scarcity of records I believe led people to erroneously think and teach that the documentation was non-existent.


I had this dark cloud over me that I constantly fought off. I did not want to buy into that way of thinking. All I had to go on was faith and hope that my journey would provide the clues I was seeking.  At the same time, I knew I could not ignore stories that I grew up hearing.


On my father's side of the family were stories of great persecution being from Mississippi and migrating away to Arkansas, Tennessee, and eventually North to escape the persecutions of Jim Crow. On my mother's side were different types of stories.  They were descendants of the slave holding family on three different lines that I know of so far.  I feel charged to get the stories on both sides as accurate as possible and to be as fair as I can.


On one hand, I need to help my family to know of the hard struggles that they overcame, while at the same time I must tell the truth about the small acts of kindness shown them on the other side of the family because they were not pure African descent.  I cannot tell you how controversial it is with living family members who are descendants of both races especially since some of them still face issues in their lives today.

My great grandfather, George, is the grandson of a slaveholder.
You face not being accepted by African Americans because you obviously are mixed with white and vice versa.  So sometimes you feel more comfortable alone or living your life in between both cultures.  I feel for them because I know of the pain they face inside. There is the pain of not knowing who you are, then the pain of finding out you are not exactly what you thought you were.  


When I had my DNA tested last year, I was happy that I had kept the perspective that I have had all along.  I want to see genealogy eventually unite all races of people.  We who work day in and day out to document the lives of our ancestors and help others are the closest group of people with the capacity to help pull this off. I discovered that I am:

64.49% Sub-Sarahan African
31% European
3.1% East Asian & Native American
1.1 % Unasigned

I always said to my family while growing up, "Why hate? If I hate people of a different race, I am only hating myself."  How those words rang true when I received my DNA results.


I have not spoken much about this dual journey to identify my ancestors and to fulfill my moral obligation to bring unity where I can.  It is becoming a journey of great healing for me.  Until recently, it was only a dream that I would have opportunities.  I feel very blessed to be in South Carolina and to be able to journey to the places my ancestors trod especially in Union County. 


I was fortunate to give three different presentations in the town of Union this year. Two of the presentations were on African American research.  At the first presentation I expressed my desire to help bring all people together.  I saw smiles come from people present from both races. After the first presentation, a gentleman shared with me that I am his cousin through the grandson of the slave owning family.  He told me how I could find documentation on the fact that my ancestor was the first person to own a car in Union.


No sooner had he shared this information, when my African American cousin walked up, and expressed his desire to find the very document. I was astounded.  I located the car registration this week at the South Carolina Department of Archives and History.  I cannot wait to present it to my cousin.  


The experiences that I am having in Union are like no other I have had presenting.  Because it is my ancestral homeland, people of both races introduce themselves afterwards as my cousins, and people are anxious to share their knowledge about connections to my same name ancestors.  I am glad that I have not allowed myself to ever prejudge.  I am so fortunate and thankful that the people of Union have opened their hearts to me and that I can work out the obligations I have on their fertile ground.  


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Tuesday, December 20, 2011

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Cherishing Cards and Letters

President Johnson's 1967 White House Christmas...Image via Wikipedia(This post is dedicated to my new friend, Abby.)

I have been admiring the wonderful postcards shared in the Denmark Genealogy Research Community.  I have never thrown away a Christmas card.  We usually put them up every year to remind us of the wonderful greetings from family and friends over the years.

In this age of digital communication, the number of cards and letters at holidays and birthdays have dwindled. That just makes me cherish them even more. I especially love the letters and cards I have discovered that were shared by my ancestors long ago.  It makes me very curious about these treasures that my family members have tucked away in dresser drawers, boxes, and attics.

How my heart drop to see these bits of history carelessly tossed into the rubbish when people pass away.  What are you doing with the cards and letters in your family? This is just a reminder of how I was able to extract important pieces of information about my great great grandmother from a letter written by my grandfather to his cousin:


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Monday, December 19, 2011

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No Genealogy Community? That Depends On Who You Ask


I would like to express my thanks to James Tanner (Wherein I eat my words..) for acknowledging online genealogical communities.  His observations brought to light the fact that communities can exist, and at the same time everyone might not feel part of the unified body.  


Take a look at the very definition of community: 
"A social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. See "Community" at Dictionary.com
The phrases "specific locality" and "common cultural and historical heritage" make a community exclusive.  Combined communities make up larger entities like towns, states, countries, and eventually the world.  Perhaps we have coined the wrong phrase when we use community to describe the whole population.


Next, I know all too painfully what it feels like to lurk in the shadows of an offline community because no one feels you have anything to offer.  I struggled on my own to identify my ancestors.  African American research was a very painful process in the day I began.  I was told I would not be able to identify my ancestors before 1870.   I was told that they probably were not married, and other things I was able to prove false out of my own rebellious nature.


Once I found success, I wanted others to experience the joy of these discoveries, and it never mattered to me what race that person was or what part of the world their ancestor's lived.  When James Tanner said we are just beginning to see genealogical communities, for me his words ring true.  I fought long and hard to have the opportunity to help people for over seven years.  All doors were closed to me and every effort was blocked for reasons I do not care to even acknowledge.


The greatest thing you lose when you close the doors of opportunity on someone is what they might have helped you to accomplish.  From my perspective, I had to find a place where I could share my knowledge so that I could continue to progress myself.  


It was not until I jumped online that I felt embraced by people who consider me a peer.  I hate to mention names. I love you all, but if it were not for Shelley Murphy, Angela Walton-Raji, Joseph McGill Jr, and Toni Carrier, Geneabloggers, and the folks at FamilySearch, I would have not had the opportunities to give or receive that I have each and every day I awake.


My idea of what others call community really is global to me--a great network of communities.   I am truly grateful for the opportunity I have each day to help someone find a place where they can ask for free research assistance, learn about a resource, or find a friend who is interested in the same thing.  After my own experience in the days when I could not find  either one of these things myself, I am humbled to be able to be so engaged!


Stay tuned!  We will put up Italy today!


See: 

Join a Facebook Research Community
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Friday, July 15, 2011

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Certify Your US World War II Veteran

Marines holding a sign thanking the Coast Guar...Image via Wikipedia MARINES HOLDING A SIGN THANKING THE COAST GUARD DURING WWII. FROM HTTP://WWW.USCG.MIL/HISTORY/GIFS/M


The Society of Sons and Daughters of World War II:

Purpose:
  • To allow individuals to prove family ancestry and lineage from an American Veteran of World War II
  • To perpetuate the story of the sacrifices and achievements of the generation of Americans that fought and won World War II
  • To create a public database of military records from individual World War II Veterans accessible to future historians, authors and students researching the legacy of WWII.


           Veteran's Military Research Links

Discover more at 

Thanks to Bernice Bennett for sharing!




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Friday, October 15, 2010

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30. My take on uncovering Reconstruction Era resources

African American History Monument at The State House, Columbia
by Robin Foster
I was so happy to be able to attend Tony Burrough's seminar his past Sunday at the Robert Mills Courthouse in Camden.  I have his book, Black Roots,  and I have used it faithfully for almost a decade.  It will never become obsolete.


I have been researching for over 20 years, and I still learned so much.  The greatest thing that I remember he said was, "If you want to locate information about a slave ancestor, research Reconstruction records."








Well, I have only skimmed the surface when it comes to Reconstruction Era records.  A light bulb somehow went on, and now I am on a mission to find all I can.  I am having a great deal of success. It is as if the resources have just been waiting for me.  I am learning so much about this period in our history that I did not know.


A study of Reconstruction can be quite challenging because there are so MANY contradictions and opposing viewpoints.  Freedmen who struggled to exercise and keep their new found freedoms were seen as shiftless, criminals, and less than equal.  You must be able to keep the proper perspective as you trudge through these records.  They are useful to those who have slave owner as well as slave ancestry.


I can certainly see why anyone would want to avoid having to use them in genealogical research, but doing so may result in never finding that link back to slavery (see Reconstruction Era records are neglected genealogical resources).  I have been very successful in locating a few of my ancestors so far.


Even though I have struggled a little this week and had to do some major soul searching, I feel a significant change as come over me.  I understand so much more about the complexities of being African American.  I understand so much more the purpose for me being taught to have integrity and to "NEVER use the word, can't." when I was growing up.


I am understanding more about the responsibility I have to share these perspectives and the resources that can help others find documentation.  Yes, we are working to find evidence to document our ancestry, but in the process we are really discovering ourselves.  Reconstruction was in many respects harsher than slavery.


Freedmen had no monetary value to former slave owners and were even more expendable.  How did they do it?  What were they made of?  I hope I will understand better as I go along.  I will continue to share my feelings here, but I will share resources and how you can access them in a more formal way here:  Columbia Ethnic Community Examiner.  I have written 3 articles this week so far.    Click the "subscribe" button at the top of any of the articles so you do not miss any resources.

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